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LCD technology

Back Source: Send:2020-07-08

working principle


TFT is the abbreviation of "Thin Film Transistor", which generally refers to a thin film liquid crystal display, but actually refers to a thin film transistor (matrix)-you can "actively" control the individual pixels on the screen, which is also called The origin of the active matrix TFT (active matrix TFT). So how is the image generated? The basic principle is very simple: the display screen is composed of many pixels that can emit light of any color, as long as each pixel is controlled to display the corresponding color to achieve the goal. In the TFT LCD, backlight technology is generally used. In order to accurately control the color and brightness of each pixel, a shutter-like switch needs to be installed after each pixel. When the "louver" is opened, the light can pass through, and the "louver" When it is turned off, the light cannot pass through. Of course, the technical implementation is actually not as simple as just said. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) utilizes the characteristics of liquid crystal (liquid when heated and crystallized into solid when cooled). Generally, liquid crystal has three forms:


Cholestic LCD


Liquid crystal displays use filaments. When the external environment changes, its molecular structure will also change, so that it has different physical characteristics-it can achieve the purpose of letting light through or blocking light-that is, the blinds just like it.


Everyone knows the three primary colors, so each pixel on the display requires three similar basic components described above to control the three colors of red, green, and blue.


Twisted Nematic TFT LCD (Twisted Nematic TFT LCD) is commonly used at present. The following figure explains the working principle of this type of TFT display. Existing technologies vary greatly, and we will introduce them in detail in the second part of this article.


There are grooves on the upper and lower layers. The grooves on the upper layer are arranged vertically, while the lower layers are arranged horizontally. When the unapplied liquid crystal is in a natural state, after the light from the upper layer of the backlight passes through the interlayer, it will be twisted by 90 degrees, so that it can be smoothly transmitted through the lower layer.


When a voltage is applied between the two layers, an electric field is generated, and the liquid crystals are arranged vertically, so the light does not twist-the result is that the light cannot pass through the lower layer.


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